Civil War [66], Lee's setback at the Battle of Antietam can also be seen as a turning point in that it may have dissuaded the governments of France and Great Britain from recognizing the Confederacy, doubting the South's ability to maintain and win the war.[67]. The issue of slavery may have been settled by the new constitution, and the legality of secession by the war, but this did not end the debate. Lastly, Stuarts army captured and controlled a large Union wagon train laden with supplies, which became a significant impediment to Stuarts expeditious travel onward to Pennsylvania. According to one of his aides: "We loved Maryland, we felt that she was in bondage against her will, and we burned with desire to have a part in liberating her". Headings - Maryland--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps - Maryland Campaign, 1862--Maps - United States--Maryland Notes And then theres that Chambersburg thing. His grandson didnt want to talk about it. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. [45] This is the only time in United States military history that two regiments of the same numerical designation and from the same state have engaged each other in battle. Maryland The earthworks were removed by 1869. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. Limited rations, consisting of cornmeal, beef and/or bacon, resulted in extreme Vitamin-C deficiencies which often times led to deadly cases of scurvy. Another was the 4th United States Colored Troops, whose Sergeant Major, Christian Fleetwood was awarded the Medal of Honor for rallying the regiment and saving its colors in the successful assault on New Market Heights.[54]. Because the state bordered the District of Columbia and the opposing factions within the state strongly desired to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland played an important role in the war. Those who voted for Maryland to remain in the Union did not explicitly seek for the emancipation of Maryland's many enslaved people, or indeed those of the Confederacy. 45-50 minutes. Disappointingly for the exiles, recruits did not flock to the Confederate banner. WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. Maryland Maryland in the American Civil War On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [62] The order indicated that Lee had divided his army and dispersed portions geographically (to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, and Hagerstown, Maryland), thus making each subject to isolation and defeat in detail - if McClellan could move quickly enough. Prison camps during the Civil War were potentially more dangerous and more terrifying than the battles themselves. In September 1863, Rebel prisoners totaled 4,000 men. camp WebParole Camp Annapolis, Maryland, 1864. Two said Booth yelled "I have done it!" Due to its proximity to the Eastern Theater, the camp quickly became dramatically overcrowded. As a result, the Rebels spent their winters shivering in biting cold and their summers in sweltering, pathogen-laden heat. 51-52. Every purchase supports the mission. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Maryland in the American Civil War Provided by Touchpoints Contact Info Mailing Address: Myths and Truths: Civil War Battlefield Medical Care of the Wounded Speaker: Clarence Hickey. 6306239). Elmira Prison, also known as "Hellmira," opened in July of 1864. Of the more than 150 prisons established during the war, the following eightexamples illustrate the challenges facing the roughly 400,000 men who had been imprisoned by war's end. maryland camp | Emerging Civil War WebCamp Hoffman (1) (1863-1865) - A Union U.S. Civil War prison camp established in 1863 on Point Lookout, Saint Mary's County, Maryland. WebThe Southern Maryland Civil War Round Table is pleased to announce that its next This is a PowerPoint presentation. He and his comrades had been captured during a bloody battle at Plymouth, North Carolina. Next, was an encounter between some of Stuarts soldiers and the students of a female academy in Rockville, thus delaying the army again. Salisbury marks a prime example of the effects that overcrowding had on prison populations, especially given the stark contrast in its camp death rate. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. The Battle of Monocacy was fought on July 9, just outside Frederick, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. In the presidential election of 1860 Lincoln won just 2,294 votes out of a total of 92,421, only 2.5% of the votes cast, coming in at a distant fourth place with Southern Democrat (and later Confederate general) John C. Breckinridge winning the state. Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. [47], Captain Bradley T. Johnson refused the offer of the Virginians to join a Virginia Regiment, insisting that Maryland should be represented independently in the Confederate army. While they often wrote frankly of the carnage wrought by bullets smashing limbs and grapeshot tearing ragged holes through advancing lines, many soldiers described their prisoner of war experiences as a more heinous undertaking altogether. Civil War in MoCo In the early months of the camp's existence, the conditions inside Salisbury were quite good, relatively speaking. In July 1864 the Battle of Monocacy was fought near Frederick, Maryland as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. Archaeological Investigations 1864. The first fatalities of the war happened during the Baltimore Civil War Riots of Thursday/Friday, April 1819, 1861. MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. Learn about the Underground Railroad Movement by seeing short dramatic portraits of those involved (and some opposed), both anonymous and known. 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. Songs and Stories from the Blue and the Gray Speaker: Patrick Lacefield. [70] The harshness of conditions at Point Lookout, and in particular whether such conditions formed part of a deliberate policy of "vindictive directives" from Washington, is a matter of some debate. An honor system was set up where each side would take care of housing its own soldiers who had been designated as being on parole, meaning they would not fight in combat unless they were formally exchanged. Lights went off, black curtains blanketed windows. Closed in 1865. [25] After the occupation of the city, Union troops were garrisoned throughout the state. [86], The legacies of the debate over Lincoln's heavy-handed actions that were meant to keep Maryland within the union include measures such as arresting one third of the Maryland General Assembly, which was controversially ruled unconstitutional at the time by Maryland native Justice Roger Taney, and in the lyrics of the former Maryland state song, Maryland, My Maryland, which referred to Lincoln as a "despot," a "vandal," and, a "tyrant.". [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. The speaker brings a doctors bag from 1885 containing example medical instruments of the Civil War and the 1800s for show and tell. [citation needed] This last provision diminished the power of the small counties where the majority of the state's large former slave population lived. Congressman Henry May (D-Maryland) was imprisoned without charge and without recourse to habeas corpus in Fort Lafayette. Throughout the War units There formerly was a Confederate monument behind the courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, dedicated to "the thin grey line". Literate and evocative, the letters convey an authentic perspective of a soldier who experienced one of the bloodiest and most transformative wars in American history. Harpers Ferry is not occupied by either side again until February 1862. Civil War WebThe Heart of the Civil War Heritage Area is ideally positioned to serve as your "base camp" for driving the popular Civil War Trails and visiting the battlefields and sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore and Washington, D.C. Andersonville was more than eight times over-capacity at its peak. The sirens whistled. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. Situated on a 54-acre island within the James River, a stone's throw away from the Confederate capital of Richmond, Belle Isle received the ire of Northern politicians and poets alike. WebThe American Civil War in Maryland's State Parks South Mountain Battlefield. Because our textbooks and monuments are wrong. Camp Washington My troops are on Federal Hill, which I can hold with the aid of my artillery. [12] Panicked by the situation, several soldiers fired into the mob, whether "accidentally", "in a desultory manner", or "by the command of the officers" is unclear. In March 1862, the Maryland Assembly passed a series of resolutions, stating that: This war is prosecuted by the Nation with but one object, that, namely, of a restoration of the Union just as it was when the rebellion broke out. [59], On 6 September 1862 advancing Confederate soldiers entered Frederick, Maryland, the home of Colonel Bradley T. Johnson, who issued a proclamation calling upon his fellow Marylanders to join his colors. A similar disregard for human life developed at Camp Douglas, also known as the Andersonville of the North." Visit places and meet people who faced decisions and experienced wartime during those tumultuous times 150 years ago. In June 1863 General Lee's army again advanced north into Maryland, taking the war into Union territory for the second time. The city was in panic. False history marginalizes African Americans and makes us all dumber", Point Lookout History, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, "TimesMachine April 15, 1865 - New York Times", "Lee-Jackson Memorial" Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalog, "Confederate monuments taken down in Baltimore overnight", www.waymarking.com Rockville Civil War Monument - Rockville, Maryland, "As Confederate symbols come down, 'Talbot Boys' endures", National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Maryland, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. Union camp leadership was largely to blame for the death toll. The disorder inspired James Ryder Randall, a Marylander living in Louisiana, to write a poem which would be put to music and, in 1939, become the state song, "Maryland, My Maryland" (it remained the official state song until March 2021). [14], Hearing no immediate reply from Washington, on the evening of April 19 Governor Hicks and Mayor Brown ordered the destruction of railroad bridges leading into the city from the North, preventing further incursions by Union soldiers. The Constitution of 1867 overturned the registry test oath embedded in the 1864 constitution. Confederate Prisoners of War On May 13, 1861 General Benjamin F. Butler entered Baltimore by rail with 1,000 Federal soldiers and, under cover of a thunderstorm, quietly took possession of Federal Hill. WebPoolesville Civil War Camps (1861 - 1865), at or near Poolesville Union garrison posts The Maryland legislature refused to ratify both the 14th Amendment, which conferred citizenship rights on former slaves, and the 15th Amendment, which gave the vote to African Americans. They remembered themselves in monuments through their generals. WebAfter the battle of Gettysburg, Confederate prisoners were sent to Point Lookout Prison Frederick County and Washington County, MD | Sep 14, 1862. Stuarts men came through Rockville and captured her husband. Stuart. Civil War $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). In 1861, while the population was quite low, the death rate hovered around 2%. Governor Thomas H. Hicks, despite his early sympathies for the South, helped prevent the state from seceding. P ri mary source material documenting the inhumane conditions in Civil War prisoner of war camps abounds. In this case U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, and native Marylander, Roger B. Taney, acting as a federal circuit court judge, ruled that the arrest of Merryman was unconstitutional without Congressional authorization, which Lincoln could not then secure: The President, under the Constitution and laws of the United States, cannot suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, nor authorize any military officer to do so. WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. In recent years, America has commemorated valor by erecting monuments to entire wars, such as the World War II and the Vietnam Veterans Memorials. Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. [86] Democrats therefore re-branded themselves the "Democratic Conservative Party", and Republicans called themselves the "Union" party, in an attempt to distance themselves from their most radical elements during the war. "Lincoln's divided backyard: Maryland in the Civil War era" (PhD dissertation, Rice University, 2010), Crittenden, Amy Gray. Not every experience behind camp walls was the same, however. However, as the war progressed, the conditions at Salisbury plummeted. Washington Camp (5) - A British Colonial WebCivil War Prison Camps Suffering and Survival Harpers Weekly depiction of They were filthy in the extreme, covered in verminnearly all were extremely emaciated; so much so that they had to be cared for even like infants.". Maryland How many were citizens of Maryland when they enlisted does not appear. [3][4] In seven counties, Lincoln received not a single vote.[1]. The War of the Rebellion, Series III, Volume 4, pp. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. In other words, the Assembly members could only agree to state that the war was being fought over the issue of secession. [58], Among the prisoners captured by William Goldsborough was his own brother Charles Goldsborough. [44], Although Maryland stayed as part of the Union and more Marylanders fought for the Union than for the Confederacy, Marylanders sympathetic to the secession easily crossed the Potomac River into secessionist Virginia in order to join and fight for the Confederacy. Slave wealth and entrepreneurship in Civil War Maryland. The presentation shows the work by blacks and white alike to aid and save enslaved people. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within, Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. In some instances, however, simple error and ignorance devolved into treachery and malicious intent, culminating in tragic losses of human life. [37] The court objected that this disruption of its process was unconstitutional, but noted that it was powerless to enforce its prerogatives. The destruction was accomplished the next day. By December of that year, more than 9,000 were imprisoned. [1] Culturally, geographically and economically, Maryland found herself neither one thing nor another, a unique blend of Southern agrarianism and Northern mercantilism. Point Lookout, Union POW camp for Confederate soldiers, was established after the Battle of Gettysburg and was open from August 1863 to June 1865. On September 14, 1862, Union forces led by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan met Gen. Robert E. Lee s divided army at the Battle of South Mountain. Union Army Surgeon Dr. Edward Stonestreet & His Civil War Hospital in RockvilleSpeaker: Clarence Hickey. Confederate Prisoners of War [14] In a letter to President Lincoln, Mayor Brown wrote: It is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore unless they fight their way at every step. camp Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). Maryland Forts: page 3 - North American Forts Whether this was due to local sympathy with the Union cause or the generally ragged state of the Confederate army, many of whom had no shoes, is not clear. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) Plumbs newest book,The Better Angels, will be published by Potomac Books, an imprint of University of Nebraska Press, in March of 2020. To deflect criticism, Stuart wrote a report glorifying his crossing at Rowsers Ford as a heroic, superhuman effort. that "the 23rd was made up of men mostly from Washington and Baltimore" though the regiment was credited to the state of Virginia. [8] Butler fortified his position and trained his guns upon the city, threatening its destruction. The poet Walt Whitman was driven to comment on the shocking living arrangements at Belle Isle after encountering surviving prisoners, appalled at "the measureless torments of thehelpless young men, with all their humiliations, hunger, cold, filth, despair, hope utterly given out, and the more and more frequent mental imbecility.". "Start-up nation? He never shows in the day time & is cautious who sees him at any time.[56]. [28] By May 21 there was no need to send further troops. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. "Teaching American History in Maryland Documents for the Classroom: Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 16341980, Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay, "History of the Federal Judiciary: Circuit Court of the District of Columbia: Legislative History", "Suspension of Civil Liberties in Maryland", "Abraham Lincoln and Treason in the Civil War: The Trials of John Merryman", "Why do people believe myths about the Confederacy? In addition to Forts McHenry and Carroll, these included: Fort #1/2 (1864) at West Baltimore and Smallwood Streets. WebMaryland's Civil War Trails Base Camp. [41][42] May was eventually released and returned to his seat in Congress in December 1861, and in March 1862 he introduced a bill to Congress requiring the federal government to either indict by grand jury or release all other "political prisoners" still held without habeas. Civil War Sites to Visit - Visit Maryland | VisitMaryland.org August 17 Union troops withdraw from the town to the Maryland shore. [60] Hagerstown too would also suffer a similar fate. Webeach consisting of one or more states, a Department-at-Large, a National Membership-at Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps. [citation needed] Most of these volunteers tended to hail from southern and eastern counties of the state, while northern and western Maryland furnished more volunteers for the Union armies. War produced a legacy of bitter resentment in politics, with the Democrats being identified with "treason and rebellion", a point much pressed home by their opponents. A further 3,925 Marylanders, not differentiated by race, served as sailors or marines. Real and reproduction Civil War-era medical instruments will be shown and used, along with a variety of Civil War-era bullets, Minie balls, grape shot, buck shot, clusters, and other slugs (all inert, safe, and with no gun powder) that created many of the battlefield wounds that the surgeons had to treat. See Introduction, p. xxxiv. On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with Harris states that Lincoln may or may not have been aware of this communication. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Major William Goldsborough, whose memoir The Maryland Line in the Confederate Army chronicled the story of the rebel Marylanders, wrote of the battle: nearly all recognized old friends and acquaintances, whom they greeted cordially, and divided with them the rations which had just changed hands. In addition to the high frequency of scurvy, many prisoners endured intense bouts of dysentery which further weakened their frail bodies. Also known as Point Lookout Camp and Lookout Point Camp . Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Because Maryland had not seceded from the United States the state was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, which declared that all enslaved people within the Confederacy would henceforth be free. [40], In another controversial arrest that fall, and in further defiance of Chief Justice Taney's ruling, a sitting U.S. Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. In a letter explaining his actions, Booth wrote: I have ever held the South was right. Indeed, on the whole there appear to have been twice as many black Marylanders serving in the U.S.C.T. Thomas Livermore, Numbers and Losses in the Civil War, Boston, 1900. Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through ouronline form! WebOfficially named Camp Hoffman, the 40-acre prison compound was established north of Web18CH305 Introduction Camp Stanton describes the US Colored Troop Civil War military encampment on the Patuxent River in Charles County, Maryland. I have been researching MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. J.E.B. One smallpox outbreak claimed the lives over 300 men during the winter of 1862 alone. Rockvilles divisions over slavery and the war can serve as an illustration of the divisions in Maryland and the United States as a whole. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War&oldid=1142195385, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Scharf, J. Thomas (1967 (reissue of 1879 ed.)).