The SSEC was one of the last of the generation of 'super calculators' to be built using electromechanical technology. FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. What feature of modern productivity tools makes it possible for files created in one software product to be opened in another software product? The Moore School Building at the University of Pennsylvania. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. Scientific and defense applications included studies of human electrophysiology, nuclear weapon simulation, human genome mapping, and global climate change. microcomputer, an electronic device with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU). The design packed 800 vacuum tubes into a relatively compact 12 square feet. Commodore even used Star Trek television star William Shatner in advertisements. The Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 performs up to 3 million instructions per second three times faster than that of its closest competitor, the IBM 7030 supercomputer. This is a list of early microcomputers sold to hobbyists and developers. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. You are designing a controller for a toaster oven. Weighing 24 pounds and costing $1,795, the Osborne 1 is the first mass-produced portable computer. Nearly a quarter century after IBM launched their PC in 1981, they had become merely another player in a crowded marketplace. Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. The first IBM system to include Intels 80386 chip, the company ships more than 1 million units by the end of the first year. Mark-8 featured on Radio-Electronics July 1974 cover. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. Hewlett and Packard in their garage workshop. D. The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsofts MS-DOS operating system. What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? Which software function could help students memorize the correct names of chemical elements? Gates and Allen started Microsoftoriginally called Micro-Soft, for microprocessors and. Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. Intel introduced the 8086 in June 1978. In a widely circulated paper, mathematician John von Neumann outlines the architecture of a stored-program computer, including electronic storage of programming information and data -- which eliminates the need for more clumsy methods of programming such as plugboards, punched cards and paper. The first of several personal computers released in 1977, the PET comes fully assembled with either 4 or 8 KB of memory, a built-in cassette tape drive, and a membrane keyboard. The Difference Engine #2 at the Science Museum, London. It was widely used in DEC's workstations and servers, as well as several supercomputers like the Chinese Sunway Blue Light system, and the Swiss Gigabooster. The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. OS/2 will continue to be used in special The TRS-80 line of computers later included color, portable, and handheld versions before being discontinued in the early 1990s. There are many stand-alone utility programs available as an alternative to the operating system'sutility programs. Microcomputers are an interesting part of the history of both computing and video games. Lenovo became the largest manufacturer of PCs in the world with the acquisition, later also acquiring IBM's server line of computers. Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. After the success of the PET, Commodore remained a major player in the personal computer market into the 1990s. An offshoot of the POWER XCell8i chip was used as the main processor in the Sony PlayStation 3 game console. high interaction between students and the teacher. The banking industry rushed to adopt the machine, built to run during repair or expansion. The 2200 used a built-in CRT, cassette tape for storage, and ran the programming language BASIC. EE3463 Test 1 Written S15.docx - Name_Banner ID_ Page 1 of microcomputer Flashcards | Quizlet Using dual PowerPC 603 CPUs, and featuring a large variety of peripheral ports, the first devices were used for software development. The Macintosh Portable was heavy, weighing sixteen pounds, and expensive (US$6,500). Lenovo, China's largest manufacturer of PCs, purchased IBM's personal computer business in 2005, largely to gain access to IBM's ThinkPad line of computers and sales force. The first of David Hilbert's 23 unsolved problems presented at the Paris conference of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1900 involved the Continuum Hypothesis. It was designed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory engineer Wesley Clark. Which of the following is an online course characteristic that supports success? VTech, founded in Hong Kong, had been a manufacturer of Pong-like games and educational toys when they introduce the Laser 128 computer. The line was discontinued in 2014. An experiment conducted five months later on the MIT Whirlwind computer confirmed how useful and convenient a keyboard input device could be. Within a year, he had built the worlds first laser printer, launching a new era in computer printing, generating billions of dollars in revenue for Xerox. The RISC microprocessor had a 32-bit integer arithmetic and logic unit (the part of the CPU that performs operations such as addition and subtraction), a 64-bit floating-point unit, and a clock rate of 33 MHz. The motes were powered by a tiny battery and could gain light energy through a photocell, which was enough to feed the infinitesimally small amount of energy a mote consumes (1 picowatt). In 1987, the year after Microsoft went public, 31-year-old Gates became the world's youngest billionaire. The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone. The machines system of connections and switches let processors broadcast information and requests for help to other processors in a simulation of brain-like associative recall. One of the earliest personal computers, the Kenbak-1 is advertised for $750 in Scientific American magazine. SSEC goes on display IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) In October 1961, the Navy tested the NTDS on the USS Oriskany carrier and the USS King and USS Mahan frigates. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. Only one month later, another one million Raspberry Pis were delivered. The PowerBook 170 was the high-end model, featuring an active matrix display, faster processor, as well as a floating point unit. The electronic circuits (registers) of the arithmetic- logic unit perform both the arithmetic and logic functions needed for the software instructions to be executed. C. The success of the Portable inspired many other early IBM-compatible computers. It is recognized by the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records as the greatest selling single computer of all time. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. Manipulate the data according to specific rules (process) 3. Dollars. The line was discontinued less than two years later. -The Massive Open Online Course (M O O C). The display also used In Plane Switching (IPS) technology, which allowed for a wider viewing angle and improved color accuracy. The Zilog Z-80 could run any program written for the 8080 and included twice as many built-in machine instructions. Which is an acknowledged benefit of software with drill and practice functions? Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? MADDIDA (Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer) prototype. Many credit the PS/2 for making the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array (VGA) standard for IBM computers. The basic computer cost $28,500. What is a prominent research finding regarding students who engage in computer programming activities? Each processor had its own small memory linked with others through a flexible network that users altered by reprogramming rather than rewiring. His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. What type of web-based creation is produced when students submit their written or artistic products to a website? The Amiga sold for $1,295 (without monitor) and had audio and video capabilities beyond those found in most other personal computers. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. microcomputer: A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC , a computer designed for an individual. There is an inconsistency between states in the classification of ELL students. [1] Raspberry Pi, a popular modern-class microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. IBM released a new operating system, OS/2, at the same time, allowing the use of a mouse with IBM PCs for the first time. What is a distinguishing feature of instructional software? The legal result was a landmark: Atanasoff was declared the originator of several basic computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was declared un-patentable and thus freely open to all. Apple Stores display of newly introduced Apple Watches. With a peak speed of over a petaflop (one thousand trillion calculations per second), the Tianhe 1 (translation: Milky Way 1) is developed by the Chinese National University of Defense Technology using Intel Xeon processors combined with AMD graphic processing units (GPUs). HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. Atari's 8-bit computers were influential in the arts, especially in the emerging DemoScene culture of the 1980s and '90s. True/False B. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABRE was inspired by IBMs earlier work on the SAGE air-defense system. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? Conceived in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, this credit card-sized computer features ease of use and simplicity making it highly popular with students and hobbyists. The machine had a fifty-foot long camshaft running the length of machine that synchronized the machines thousands of component parts and used 3,500 relays. Ed de Castro, its main designer and co-founder of Data General, had earlier led the team that created the DEC PDP-8. Though it used a proprietary operating system, RISC OS, the RISC PC could run PC-compatible software using the Acorn PC Card. Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. Students included future computing pioneers such as Maurice Wilkes, Claude Shannon, David Rees, and Jay Forrester. Solved Until recently, good microcomputer software for - Chegg At its introduction, it was listed as the second fastest supercomputer in the world and this single system increased NASA's supercomputing capacity 10-fold. It had two operating modes, one that mirrored the segmented memory of older x86 chips, allowing full backward compatibility, and one that took full advantage of its more advanced technology. Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. Northrop was initially reluctant to make MADDIDA a commercial product, but by the end of 1952, six had sold. Output was displayed on the users home TV screen through use of an adapter. Upgrade to Quizlet Plus to study with no ads, offline access and even more premium features, like image uploading and scanning to create sets. The inside of the Amiga case is engraved with the signatures of the Amiga designers, including Jay Miner as well as the paw print of his dog Mitchy. The Pi weighed only 45 grams and initially sold for only $25-$35 U.S. The 470V/6 was the companys first product and ran the same software as IBM System/370 computers but cost less and was smaller and faster. Let us call it Simon, because of its predecessor, Simple Simon Simon is so simple and so small in fact that it could be built to fill up less space than a grocery-store box; about four cubic feet.. David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. Constructed at MITs Lincoln Laboratory, the TX-0 moved to the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, where it hosted some early imaginative tests of programming, including writing a Western movie shown on television, 3-D tic-tac-toe, and a maze in which a mouse found martinis and became increasingly inebriated. Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. mainframe computer. It performed 2 million instructions per second, but other RISC-based computers worked significantly faster. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war. Plans for the Mark-8 cost $5 and the blank circuit boards were available for $50. Doug Ross wrote a memo advocating direct access in February. Designed by John V. Blankenbaker using standard medium-- and small-scale integrated circuits, the Kenbak-1 relied on switches for input and lights for output from its 256-byte memory. The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. Xerox PARC physicist Gary Starkweather realizes in 1967 that exposing a copy machines light-sensitive drum to a paper original isnt the only way to create an image. This high performance processor found its place in powerful work stations intended for graphics-intensive programs common in engineering. IBMs first personal computer, the system was designed to run the APL programming language in a compact, briefcase-like enclosure which comprised a keyboard, CRT display, and cassette tape storage. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. Free Flashcards about Chapter 1 OSystems - StudyStack What characteristic is common to most Personalized Learning Systems (PLS)? What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. Graduation rates are lower in online schools. Inside was a Z80 microprocessor and a built-in BASIC language interpreter. All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. The NBS also built the Standards Western Automatic Computer (SWAC) at the Institute for Numerical Analysis on the UCLA campus. Chapter 1 Flashcards | Quizlet The trio soon attracted UC Berkeley UNIX guru Bill Joy, who led software development. Introduced at the Altair Convention in Albuquerque in March 1976, the visual display module enabled the use of personal computers for interactive games. It managed Japan's first on-line, real-time reservation system for Kinki Nippon Railways in 1960. Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. microprocessor/ processor. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? The astronauts were responsible for entering more than 10,000 commands into the AGC for each trip between Earth and the Moon. The system was kept at NASA Ames Research Center until 2013, when it was removed to make way for two new supercomputers. Applications were also highly innovative: a WYSISYG word processor known as Bravo, a paint program, a graphics editor, and email for example.