XTEND BCAA Review 2021 - Do They Work? - Supplement Savant doi: 10.1093/jn/138.10.2045S. Orders over $55 and subscriptions ship free! Tyrosine promotes cognitive flexibility: evidence from proactive vs. reactive control during task switching performance. Not overly complicated, but appealing to many, Huge Supplements has made a BCAA supplement that gets a lot of points for its dose of glutamine that can help support muscle growth even further. Folks who want a product that is just BCAAs will want to look elsewhere. Xtend Original BCAA Powder packs a powerful punch at an affordable price. Xtend Energy Drink Nutrition Facts (Full Details) Some evidence suggests that supplementing with pure BCAAs can positively affect workouts, mainly if youre working out on an empty stomach, or if you havent eaten much protein throughout the day. Editors note: The content on BarBend is meant to be informative in nature, but it should not be taken as medical advice. Those who prefer an unflavored amino acid supplement will have to look elsewhere. 2012 Aug;43(2):725-34. doi: 10.1007/s00726-011-1123-8. (15), Vitamin C may reduce cell damage that occurs during exercise. This glutamine supplement is gluten-free, non-GMO, and free of artificial preservatives. This particular supplement provides eight grams of BCAAs and a dose of coconut water powder for hydration. The Best BCAAs - Our Top Picks. Xtend Energy BCAA Powder, 125mg Caffeine + Sugar Free Pre Workout Muscle Recovery Drink with Amino Acids, 7g BCAAs for Men & Women, Knockout Fruit Punch, 30 Servings. Whey isolates (like this one) specifically tend to have a higher ratio of BCAAs. 13 Best Mid Workout Drink: Update 03-2023 This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Recommended Reading: Does Xtend Original Bcaa Have Caffeine. Amino Acids. This is actually recommended by the inventor of intermittent fasting, Martin Bekham. While some may be looking for a straightforward BCAA supplement, others may want to just combine their BCAAs and their pre-workout. Youll also find a 5g dose of glutamine, which can helpbuild muscle tissue, as well as coconut water powder for workout hydration. What Are The Benefits Of Exercising Daily. The label additionally specifies 220mg of sodium and 170mg of potassium. isoleucine. Technically, you cannot use your own coffee with the Nespresso Vertuo. What Pods Can I Use With Nespresso Vertuo - AhCoffee.net Shipping & taxes calculated at checkout. Prevent muscle wasting. If youre an endurance athlete, you may be wondering what type of supplementation will help you crush your workouts and improve your recovery. (1) Pre-Kaged is available in Pink Lemonade, Fruit Punch, Krisp Apple, Grape, Orange Krush, Cherry Bomb, and Berry Blast flavors, all of which will cost about $2.25 per serving. Best BCAA Supplements (2023) | Garage Gym Reviews BCAA5000. oz. The Takeaway. For anyone whos going hard at the gym, intra-workout BCAAs may be helpful in warding off fatigue. Anyone who wants coconut water powder included in their supplement for added hydration throughout their workout. Sodium 2080 mg. They're "essential" because your body doesn't make them on its ownyou have to get them from food and workout supplements. Epub 2011 Oct 21. Does XTEND original BCAAs have caffeine? J Strength Cond Res. If you want plain BCAAs but can't stomach their notorious taste, Optimum Nutrition's capsules are the perfect alternative. Along with that theres 2500 milligrams of L-glutamine, an amino acid, and plenty of electrolytes: theres a 1,140-milligram mix of sodium citrate, potassium chloride, and sodium chloride. AI Score. (2018). There are a lot of benefits to taking your BCAAs in pill form instead. Plus, you have the option to select a BCAA with 35mg of caffeine from green tea extract, or a caffeine-free option. People who prefer a powder supplement over a pill supplement. Youll want to think about what youre looking for in a BCAA supplement and what you hope the outcome of taking one will be. With zero grams of sugar, this is an ideal formula for anyone on the low-carb, high-fat keto diet. at the best online prices at eBay! . However Xtend does have a great hit of electrolytes, some additional vitamins linked to muscle retention and circulation, it may be taken any time of day, and its very cheap. Best Tasting: Transparent Labs BCAA Glutamine. It also includes 100mg of red algae (which may be rich in minerals, vitamins, and fiber) and the option for a caffeine-free supplement, or one that includes 35mg of caffeine derived from green tea leaves. View on Amazon. Read reviews and buy Xtend Original BCAAs Sports Drink Powder - Blue Raspberry Ice - 14.8oz at Target. Therefore, the traditional 4-4-9 calorie determination method in context to carbohydrate, protein, and fat calories per gram does not apply. Anyone looking for glutamine in their BCAA supplement will appreciate that this product contains 1,000mg. Is Xtend BCAAs Keto friendly? - With love for sports If you are looking for bcaa's with caffeine check out XTEND GO. Those who want to know exactly how many BCAAs theyre getting in their supp this products BCAAs are listed in a blend, so they dont have an exact dosage. XTEND Energy BCAAs Long-Lasting ZmXR Caffeine BCAA Powder Scivation additionally added a gram of citrulline malate, which can have advantages for the circulatory system, and 32 % of the RDI of Vitamin B6. Best for Recovery: NUUN Recover BCAA. Top 7 Best BCAA Powder Supplements For Sale (2022 Update) - Men's Journal (9), Another BCAA, valine, has some links to endurance and focus. PMID: 25598314. BCAAs are a great supplement to potentially help build muscle through muscle protein synthesis. Offering mouth-watering flavors with zero sugar and 7 grams of BCAAs, XTEND Original supports muscle recovery and hydration. Its laborious to say if Xtend is thefinestBCAA as a result of so many of those dietary supplements provide totally different components. Those who are on a budget this product is a little more expensive than some of the others on this list. Key ingredients include BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) in a 2:1:1 ratio, 110 milligrams of . For those who prioritize taste, this is a great tasting BCAA supplement to add to your regimen. Caffeine pills are cheap. While most companies opt to use 4,000mg of BCAAs in a 2:1:1 ratio, Gnarly has 5,000mg of BCAAs in the same ratio. Its also pretty high in magnesium, sodium, and potassium minerals that are usually recommended as important supplements for people following the high-fat diet. Plus, Swolverine contains glutamine, which can help you build muscle more effectively. Calorie Goal 2000 Cal--/2000Cal left. Ketogenic diets are ultra low-carb and often relatively low in protein, so many supplements with branched-chain amino acids can help you retain muscle while following a keto diet. Anyone who wants a wider variety of flavors to choose from this powder only has one. This supplement is chock-full of 5,000mg of BCAAs, comes in three delicious flavors, and has a caffeinated and caffeine-free option to suit your preference. The Best BCAA powder: Transparent Labs CoreSeries BCAA Glutamine. Serving Size: 13 gram. Folks who want glutamine as well, to potentially help with workout recovery. Nutrients. Those on a budget may want to opt for one of the less expensive options on our list. This pick not only contains BCAAs, but it has three blends of ingredients working toward power, performance, and support for tough workouts to build out a full package. The good news is that a solid dose of BCAAs may help you unlock new potential in your sport, and while most supplements contain around 4,000mg of BCAAs, this pick boasts a higher 5,000mg in total. Free shipping for many products! PMID: 29475409. There is no wrong answer, just the answer that best suits your lifestyle. Your email address will not be published. Many BCAAs come in a pre-workout blend, some come in an intra-workout blend, and most general BCAA supplements will instruct you to consume them 20 to 30 minutes prior to working out. 125 mg Sensoril ashwagandha. If you dont mind blends, this product is a great combination of BCAAs and other performance-enhancing ingredients that can act as a full pre-workout supplement. Im not satisfied the glutamine is one among them. BCAAs are the essential amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine, which comprise around 35% of your body's muscle protein. But when it comes to BCAAs, you might want something that supports in-gym performance and offers optimal BCAA ingredients. hitman 2 isle of sgail shovel location & Academic Background; advantages of dynamic scoping vs static scoping. The BCAAs themselves are linked to bettering muscle protein synthesis, decreasing muscle soreness and boosting endurance. The Performance Blend contains the BCAAs, as well as glutamine and beta-alanine, which can all help you perform better at the gym. 1. Nutrients, 10(3), 349. World-class athletes, champion fighters, elite bodybuilders, and weight . (16), The eight B vitamins may help increase ones energy without jitters or unwanted sleep loss. Like other amino acids, they're the building blocks of protein. Nevertheless, one-gram doses are typically used as a common circulatory well being complement and its even linked to a decrease danger of erectile dysfunction, so the citrulline malate in Xtend might have a internet optimistic impact in your general well being, if not the exercise youre about to do. Some are good pre-workouts as a result of they include components like caffeine and beta alanine; Xtend doesnt. THE OG Xtend Original is the category leading BCAA product that has been trusted by consumers for more than 15 years. This supplement provides a solid dose of leucine, as well as other supplements (like electrolytes) for a well-rounded beverage that can be taken before, during, or after exercise. Ain't that fantastic! With a proprietary blend of hydration-inducing electrolytes, XTEND is a sugar-free and carb-free way to help anyone grind through a grueling gym session. PMID: 20386132. . But Xtend offers 7 grams of BCAA per serving, while the other brands offer 5 grams. Xtend Energy Carbonated doesn't have any caffeine, while the On-The-Go version has 125mg of caffeine per serving.. Epub 2018 Feb 13. Transparent Labs doesnt use any animal products, or artificial coloring or sweeteners in their BCAA formula. Read our full review of Cellucor Alpha Amino. This is a pretty expensive BCAA supplement at $2.00 a serving because of all the extra ingredients youre getting. The carbonated drink, meanwhile, is . XTEND Original BCAA 7g. J Nutr. Does Arizona Raspberry Tea Have Caffeine. Let's have a look at their benefits; Build up of muscles. promote fat oxidation during fasted exercise. There's A Reason Why The XTEND Original BCAA Powder Is A Best Seller 3.5g of Leucine to support muscle protein synthesis. PMID: 29099763; PMCID: PMC5707683. Subscribe for latest news, events and promotions. PMID: 32824885; PMCID: PMC7551186. Please consult with a medical professional before beginning any weight loss protocol. Combining 7G of BCAAs alongside fast and time-released caffeine, XTEND Energy is your go-to for recovery, hydration, and energy. Since BCAAs are so versatile in their supplement formulation, the prices will be a reflection of that. It's a branched chain amino acid supplement that can be taken before, during or after your workout. BCAA supplements often come with vitamins and minerals mixed in as well, and these blends will be more expensive than basic blends that are mainly just BCAAs. 0. Anyone who wants a caffeinated and caffeine-free option for their BCAAs as this supplement provides both. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 2018 May;82(5):856-861. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1438168. TCIN: 85835541. of water (adjust for taste preference) and shake well. This coffee is made with 100% Arabica beans from Africa, Latin America, and Arabia. The Berry Lemonade, Fruit Punch, and Lemon Lime flavors all contain green tea extract, while there is also a Berry Lemonade option without any caffeine. This is a major consideration because the ingredient lists on BCAA supps can be unique and versatile. The Xtend Carbonated contains no caffeine content and sources its energy boost through BCAAs, electrolytes and other ingredients. Xtend BCAA Review: My Honest Product Experience 2023 - The Gym Bros Athletes who need to perform at high levels can benefit from this dialed-in BCAA formula, which can help you build muscle and remain hydrated throughout your workout. Good results. If youre looking for BCAAs to be a part of your supplement, but not the entirety of it, you may want to choose a supp that has a solid dose of BCAAs while also including other ingredients, like glutamine or some pre-workout favorites, like citrulline. Note that if your priority is building muscle mass, you still need to eat enough calories and protein, get enough sleep, eat the right micronutrients, and so on. The factor is, nearly each research that has proven it might enhanceexercises concerned doses of a minimum of six grams. The XTEND Original BCAA Powder is even better because it comes in many different flavors. This product is only available in a Lemon Lime flavor, and it is sweetened with sucralose. To do so, you should weigh the overall cost against the number of servings in each container. Some are good pre-workouts as a result of they include components like caffeine and beta alanine; Xtend doesn't. Some have a variety of nutritional vitamins; Xtend doesn't. Those who doesnt like the five flavor options will have to look elsewhere. B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and EfficacyA Review. BCAAs are particularly popular among those limiting their protein intake. This BCAA product is a bit more expensive than some of the other picks at about $1.60 per serving. If youre on a strict budget, you can find a cheaper option available. Top 10 Best Xtend Bcaa Bodybuilding Top Picks 2023 Reviews . Winik P, et al. https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/xtend-original-30-br.jpg?v=1652377554, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/xtend-original-30-br_large.jpg?v=1652377554, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/XTEND_1058_Ecomm_PDP_BenefitImages_XTEND_Original.png?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/XTEND_0889_Amazon_US_Mrktpl_ImageUpdates_NutritionalPanel_30_BRI.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/ESG_2.png?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/xtend-original-30-fi.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/Group_12_7e132526-d06b-4551-b3c9-b3a29c272c21.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/xtend-original-30-gg.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/xtend-original-30-sa.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/xtend-original-30-sk.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/xtend-original-30-bo.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/xtend-original-30-lls.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/xtend-original-30-mm.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/xtend-original-30-wm.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/Group_20.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/Group_22.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/Group_18.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/Group_17.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/Group_16.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/Group_19.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/Group_14.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/Group_15.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/Group_13.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/Group_21.jpg?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/orange-cream.gif?v=1677180440, //cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1492/2278/products/orange-cream_5cb89956-8c61-4eaa-bc24-b83dad15b353.gif?v=1677180440, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275821531198, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=39940909203518, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275821563966, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275821596734, //cdn.shopify.com/shopifycloud/shopify/assets/no-image-2048-5e88c1b20e087fb7bbe9a3771824e743c244f437e4f8ba93bbf7b11b53f7824c.gif, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275821629502, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275821662270, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275821695038, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275821760574, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275821793342, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275821858878, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275821891646, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275822055486, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275822088254, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275822121022, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275822153790, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275822186558, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275822284862, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275822317630, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275822350398, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275822415934, https://cellucor.com/products/xtend-original?variant=31275822383166. l-Carnitine Supplementation in Recovery after Exercise. This is the ratio of the BCAA's in Xtend; Leucine ( 3.5g) Isoleucine ( 1.75g) Valine ( 1.75g) To date, there's only one research that backs these claims. (2016). If youre looking to add some electrolytes to your BCAA supplement for a boost of hydration, this products sodium and potassium can do just that. Lets break down what youre most likely to see on your ingredients label, starting with the three branched-chain amino acids. Its always a good idea to talk to your doctor before beginning a new fitness, nutritional, and/or supplement routine. In workouts, this can translate to better endurance and power output. It's the perfect way to fuel up for any activity while getting a jump start on muscle recovery and repair. 2016 Dec 28;9(1). BCAAs can be a fairly expensive individual supplement. The actual advantages come from the opposite components. If youre on a keto diet, this product wont take you out of ketosis. It contains 5.7 grams of coffee per serving. The vast majority of reviews (positive and negative alike) claim that the supplement delivers results. Those who prefer to take their BCAAs in pill form as this is a powder product. BarBend is the Official Media Partner of USA Weightlifting. Folks who want more flavor options as this product only comes in Berry Lemonade, Fruit Punch, and Lemon Lime. Gnarly comes in Berry Lemonade, Fruit Punch, and Lemon Lime flavors unless you opt to go caffeine-free, in which case, youre limited to the Berry Lemonade flavor. Endurance athletes who want a higher than normal dose of BCAAs to potentially fuel muscle repair and get them back to their sport sooner. Each container provides 30 servings that contain 5000 milligrams of L-Glutamine and 1,535 milligrams of Vitamin C. In addition to 8g of BCAAs, youll find 5g of glutamine and 1g of coconut water powder, which may help with even more muscle gain and hydration, respectively. Zheng L, et al. Question: Xtend Bcaa How To Use - BikeHike However, one significant difference is in the amount of caffeine content. XTEND Original is the BCAA that started it all. Folks who want the choice between a caffeinated and caffeine-free BCAA supplement as Gnarly offers both versions of this BCAA formula. The views expressed on this site may come from individual contributors and do not necessarily reflect the view of BarBend or any other organization. Epub 2018 Feb 23. If youre avoiding artificial ingredients, youll want to note that all four flavors include both artificial and natural ingredients, and are sweetened with sucralose. Offering mouth-watering flavors with zero sugar and 7 grams of BCAAs, XTEND Original supports muscle recovery and hydration. It does have synthetic sweeteners, however should you dont thoughts that, its a strong alternative. For those who already have a solidified regimen and may just be looking for a simple BCAA blend, this product is just that. XTEND Original BCAA Tropic Thunder: Check Price: XTEND Original BCAA Strawberry Mango: Check Price: XTEND Original BCAA Strawberry Kiwi Splash: . Xtend Original BCAAs Sports Drink Powder - Blue Raspberry Ice - Target RANKING LIST | SORT BY SCORES. XTEND Energy BCAA Powder Blue Raspberry | 125mg Caffeine - amazon.com Prez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. The Best budget BCAA: Bulk Supplements Pure BCAA 2:1:1 Branched-chain amino acids. Its also a common ingredient in erectile dysfunction supplements. (. It is available in Watermelon, Icy Blue Razz, and Fruit Punch flavors, all of which will cost you about $1.00 per serving. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are a group of three essential amino acids: leucine. Matthews DE, et al. They usually offer a pretty distinct discount when you choose to subscribe and save and it will be reflected in each of your orders as they ship out. Best Overall: XTEND Original BCAA. Continue Shopping. Scivation: XTEND Energy 7g BCAA | Muscle Recover + Energy | 30 Servings XTEND Energy combines 125mg of caffeine, 7 grams of BCAAs, and additional performance ingredients to support energy, recovery, and hydration. Xtend Original Xtend Natural Zero Xtend Energy Xtend Pro ; Product Features : Powered by 7 grams of BCAAs, which have been clinically shown to support muscle recovery and growth, XTEND ORIGINAL also contains hydrating electrolytes and additional performance ingredients to help you refuel, repair, and recover. Xtend X The Original 7g BCAA Muscle Recovery+Electrolytes Blueberry (2), BCAAs can come in an intra-workout blend, and these blends are meant to be consumed specifically during exercise. Best Protein Powder . Looking for a zero sugar caffeinated BCAA replacement now that Xtend Go Its also worth noting that this formula contains artificial ingredients, including sucralose and red food dye, for those who actively avoid any of those ingredients. The Best Tasting BCAA: XTEND Original BCAA Powder Watermelon Explosion. They offer complete transparency on their label, so you know exactly what youre getting in each scoop. If youre absolutely committed to losing weight. The recommended breakdown for BCAAs is a 2:1:1 ratio of leucine to isoleucine to valine for best potential effect. The effect of branched chain amino acids on psychomotor performance during treadmill exercise of changing intensity simulating a soccer game. The Best BCAAs of 2023 | ACTIVE If youre looking for additional glutamine or coconut water powder, you will like this formula. (8), Used in the biosynthesis of proteins, this branched-chain amino acid may help prevent muscle breakdown, and promote fat burning. 10 Best BCAA Supplements: A Dietitian's Picks - Healthline Heres the list we referenced as we assessed these supplements efficacy. This is because the Vertuo machines brew coffee by identifying a barcode on the Nespresso capsule that you place inside the unit. If you want your BCAAs included within a larger post-workout or pre-workout supplement, this blend is not for you. Anyone who wants more than one flavor to choose from this supp only comes in Lemon Lime. BCAAs are commonly found in pre-workout supplements or within a protein powder, but it is really up to you as to how you want to include them in your lineup. For a reason, XTEND is the best: it's delicious, sugar-free, and loaded with BCAAs. $0.00. All youre getting here is BCAAs and a gelatin capsule. Observations of branched-chain amino acid administration in humans. A milligram scale is cheap. Nutrients. What is a good weight loss? XTEND Sport BCAAs Made To Support Endurance Athletes With Premium XTEND BCAAs Plus A Unique Electrolyte & Performance Hydration Blend To Replenish & Go Further. Compare Products. As far as we know, Xtends Slim BCAA Coffee Decaf is exactly the same as the original Slim BCAA Coffee, featuring 3.5g of BCAAs for muscle recovery, coffee, half a gram of glutamine, green coffee, and probiotics. With the variety of options, those who are avoiding certain ingredients, like caffeine, shouldnt have a problem finding a pick that works for them. Some days you might want more caffeine, some days less, now you can adjust to that. With 7 grams of BCAAs per serving, you get a lot more "bang for your buck" than you do with other BCAA supplements. The cost is around $1.40 per serving, which is about the average price for BCAA supplements. Ghost Bcaa - Ghost Lifestyle In addition, youll find calcium, potassium, and sodium, as well as coconut water powder to potentially help keep you hydrated throughout your workouts, as well. The watermelon taste tasted precisely like a watermelon. XTEND post workout drink mix helps support muscle recovery and growth. 2011 Dec;36(6):856-62. Some people enjoy the taste of fruity supplements, while some prefer pills for easier dosing and for a mess-free on-the-go supplement for the gym or while traveling. Another powerful nootropic, caffeine, is also present in Xtend, with a fusion of a few other ingredients, which interestingly gives you more stimulation than a cup of coffee. XTEND Original BCAA Powder + Italian Blood Orange + Muscle Recovery BPI Sports Best BCAA Shredded - Caffeine-Free Thermogenic Recovery Formula - BCAA Powder - Lean Muscle Building - Accelerated Recovery - Weight Loss - Hydration - Blue Raz - 25 Servings - 9.7 oz. Watermelon was the first flavor Ive tried and its . Still, theyre often used as supplements to boost muscle protein synthesis between meals, or enhance performance and retain muscle when exercising on an empty stomach.