Fleeing the Soviets, many set their sights across the Atlantic. Hungary - Hungary - The Revolution of 1956: Rákosi—who in 1952 came to preside over the government as well as the party—was, under Moscow’s direction, all-powerful until the death of Stalin in 1953, when a period of fluctuation began. 288 passengers found refuge in Britain. In 2016 with the generous support of the Blinken family, the archives extended the scope of its research to other archives in the United States that also possess relevant, still largely unexplored records on the 1956 Hungarian refugees. America’s response to the Hungarian refugee crisis of 1956–57 offers one historical example of this dynamic. Hungarian refugees arriving in 1957 after the democratic revolt in Hungary was crushed by the Soviets. By the end of Aug. 2015, there were only nine refugees in China and 26 others seeking asylum. Even if China accepted 4.7 million refugees, that would equal 3.5 refugees for every 1,000 citizens. Fault of Western Countries Andras, Dr. Rona-Tas. In 1947, they were joined by a further wave of Jewish refugees from Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania, and the total number of DP camp inhabitants reached a peak of some 250,000. Australia agreed to accept a minimum of 12,000 of these refugees a year. December 1, 1956. Sadly, 63 percent of South Sudanese refugees are under the age of 18. So, Germany's decision to accept up to 800,000 refugees this year was seen as an opportunity to demonstrate that it can lead by example. The response demonstrated the country’s alignment with the West against Communism in the Cold War. 288 passengers found refuge in Britain. America's immigration laws placed quotas on the number of people allowed to enter the United States from other countries. The next major surge of refugees came after the collapse of South Vietnam. The Hungarian Refugees Fifty Years On,” Refugees 144, no. The next wave was the turn-of-the-century "Great Economic Immigration" that landed about 1.7 million Hungarian citizens, among them 650,000-700,000 real Hungarians (Magyars), on American shores. This is the first photo we found that showed refugees on the journey out of Hungary, and the possible dangers in escaping as they cross the canal. Postwar immigrants also included about 40,000 so-called Fifty-Sixers, or “Freedom Fighters,” who left Hungary after the suppression of the anti-Soviet and anticommunist Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Nixon Visits Hungarian Refugee Camp. Arrival of Hungarian refugees (1956). The Black Refugees did not accept the difficulties of settling in Nova Scotia. A small number of Egyptian Jews also arrived as refugees from persecution, which followed the overthrow of the Egyptian monarchy, and the subsequent outbreak of the Suez Crisis of 1956. Hungary, 1950s. Former Hungarian Foreign Minister Géza Jeszenszky estimated 350 were executed. Of the top ten refugee host countries, Germany is the only western industrialized nation. The country succeeded, but that success damaged relations with the European Union in the process. 1776: 3,000 Black Loyalists, among them freemen and slaves, fled the oppression of the American Revolution and came to Canada. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as the 1951 Refugee Convention became the basis for U.S. asylum law, giving HIAS the basis for all future work to assist refugees no matter where they were. (Archives of Ontario 476) Most of the pre-1914 settlers were peasants, and many of that group were migrating to Canada from the industrial slums of the US. A total of 1,117 refugees actually arrived between 1956 and 1959. From only 159 in 1870, Chicago's Hungarian population increased dramatically, to 1,841 in 1890, 7,463 in 1900, 37,990 in 1910, and 70,209 in 1920. The Hungarian refugees of 1956, like others fleeing Czechoslovakia in 1968, were welcomed generously by the Swiss population and therefore benefited from excellent integration. A volunteer distributes food to refugees near the village Miratovac, Serbia, near the border with Macedonia, Aug. 23, 2015. The 1956 exodus was notable though in the way Hungarian refugees were welcomed in the West. Hungarian Refugees Arriving At Austrian Border. Many of the refugees were single males and sadly some of them did not adjust well. The UNHCR’s prima facie definition of refugee status and the Committee for Hungarian Refugee Relief helped bring some relief to the freedom fighters. A further 10,000 arrived by 1961, with a significant number coming after the Hungarian uprising of 1956. It could even be said that Hungary has an obligation to accept refugees or that perhaps the people of Hungary … On October 22, 1956, five thousand students crammed into a hall in Budapest and approved a manifesto that, among other things, called for the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Hungary, free elections, freedom of association, and economic reform. The governments of Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, and Belgium each agreed to accept some of the passengers as refugees. Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968. Germany Invited Syrian Refugees, Turned Back Ukrainian Refugees The 1956 Hungarian Uprising, often referred to as the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, is considered by many as the nation's greatest tragedy. The 35,000 who made their way to the United States were given quarter in the disused military barracks at Camp Kilmer, Piscataway. In response to public pressure, the Canadian government implemented a special program, offering the Hungarian refugees free transport, instead of loans. Hungary, which would have been exempt under the original plan, will now have to accept refugees. A Hungarian citizen is also a citizen of the European Union . 1956 Hungarian Refugees in the United States. Hungarian Refugee Registration Card, 1956-1957 Some 170,000 refugees, among them more than 18,000 Jews, fled from Hungary to Austria after the Hungarian Revolution in October 1956. In 1972, 8,000 Ugandan Asians were welcomed to Canada, and then about 60,000 Indochinese ‘boat people’ were also welcomed as refugees. The sale of strawberries, raspberries and blueberries at the Halifax market provided an additional source of income. The death of Stalin in 1953 did not weaken the grip Moscow had on the people of Eastern Europe and Hungary, by challenging the rule … Britain’s World War II Refugees. “Hungarian Refugees of 1956 Revolution Find Success in U.S.” New York Times (1923-Current file); Oct 20, 1968; Ethnic Newswatch: The New York Times p. 18 As soon as 12 years after the start of the refugee crisis, the New York Times was already “looking back” at the Hungarian Revolution and the refugees accepted into the U.S., and using our experience with that to inform future action. 3-4 (201 2): 368-396 András Lénárt Emigration from Hungary in 1956 and the Emigrants as Tourists to Hungary* This essay examines the history of visits made to Hungary by a group of first generation 1956 refugees. Australia agreed to accept a minimum of 12,000 of these refugees a year. After spending a week in a refugee camp, we made it to Vienna, where my parents chose Canada as our destination. Chinese refugees received 2,000 visas under this program, at a time when the annual immigrant quota for China was 105. In Germany, over half of the refugees are from Syria. 2015-09-05T11:26:09-04:00. I can only answer this question as an American. The response to those who fled is considered one of the most successful demonstrations of international solidarity to find solutions to forced migration: nearly 180,000 Hungarians were resettled to 37 countries within three years. Back in 1940, Britain was experiencing a huge influx of refugees. Hungarians. Hungary in 1956 seemed to sum up all that the Cold War stood for. It is not known how many were Palestinians because many entered as immigrants from Jordan or other nations. Many European countries are reluctant to take the entire contingent they promised to accept until other countries accept refugees, and Sweden noted that it was reluctant to accept extended families as part of the 5,000 refugees that it agreed to accept because, with no relatives left behind, Kosovars may be reluctant to return. Fleeing torment at the hands of the Nazis in particular, thousands upon thousands flocked to Britain in search of safety. Following the Hungarian Uprising of 1956, BCAR was responsible for providing support for over 2,000 east and central European refugees from World War II, and 17,000 Hungarian refugees to Britain. The Hungarian Refugees Fifty Years On," Refugees 144, no. Britain’s World War II Refugees. The current Hungarian nationality law came into force in 1993. I recall a contemporary study of the 1956 arrivals comparing them with the earlier cohort of post-war Hungarian refugees which found that, unlike their precursors, the 1956 group were largely irreligious. Hungarian Refugees During the 1950s. The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) has immigration records … Aftermath of the Polish Crisis and the Hungarian Rebellion, November 1956–February 1957: Inquiries into the Alleged Role of U.S. Radio Broadcasting in the Hungarian Rebellion; U.S. Start studying chapter 25 lesson 1. In 1956, Khrushchev faced crises in two countries which were destalinising. Compare the situation now to the Hungarian revolution of 1956: Austria, still broken from the second world war, took in 2% of its population in refugees, and emerged even stronger as a result. 3 (October 2006): 4 – 24 Google Scholar; Zieck, Marjoleine, “ The 1956 Hungarian Refugee Emergency, an Early and Instructive Case of Resettlement,” Amsterdam Law Forum 5, no. The Soviets, however, 11 November, 1956: Soviets claim victory over Hungarian freedom fighters. Because there was a massive disinformation telling us that refugees would be great for our economy. Aside from capturing the hearts of many onlookers, refugee policy makers were also affected by the plight of some 200,000 Hungarians that ran from the Soviet occupation of their country. A relative handful of refugees from other countries joined the America-bound flow: Eastern Europeans, Iraqi Christians, Ethiopians, Lebanese, Chilean and Argentine political prisoners, and others. The government reacted with fury, suggesting holding a referendum over whether Poles would agree to accept refugees. Men occasionally found work on ships or in the dockyards, while women primarily worked as domestic servants. Most refugees arrive in the EU as asylum seekers, not as people being resettled as part of a scheme. Eurostat data shows that in 2017 the UK resettled more refugees (6,210) than any other EU country in 2017. Hungary’s separation from the socialist bloc was simply unimaginable and was to be prevented at all costs. The emerging Cold War refugee policy faced another test when the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 failed. Like many of the orphans, Erwin and Zoltan wanted to go to America. México´s … and the Austrian data. 1. 1. This needs to be understood as simply one small part of a global operation which saw Hungarian refugees being accepted by 37 different nations on all five continents. If the Polish government doesn’t take part, “it will come with inevitable consequences,” he warned in Polish last week. In 1968 we took in 10,000 Czechoslovakian refugees in the aftermath of the Prague Spring. Four EU countries granted asylum to more refugees than the UK in 2017, and three did in 2018. Who is a “resettled” refugee? In many case special allowances were made for migrants coming from Communist countries. According to data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, there has been a total of 17,785 refugees accepted in Denmark, 142,207 in Sweden and 47,043 in Norway. After the Soviet repression of the Hungarian revolt in 1956 the Australian Government offered settlement assistance to around 14,000 Hungarian refugees. After Soviet troops crushed the Hungarian uprising of 1956, nearly 200,000 Hungarians fled to Austria and Yugoslavia. After Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba in 1959, many Cubans came to the U.S. as political refugees. The 1956 exodus was notable though in the way Hungarian refugees were welcomed in the West. Syrian refugees strike at the platform of Budapest Keleti railway station, September 2015. Those records have been reproduced in microfilm publication M1284, Records of the Department of State Relating to the Problems of Relief and Refugees in Europe Arising from World War II and Its Aftermath, 1938-49. Refugees inside hall, receiving cigarettes & trying on shoes (from England). Many of the migrants and asylum seekers who once were desperate to get to Hungary … At that time, some 11 million people had survived the Nazi labour and concentration camps and many Poles, Yugoslavs, Latvians, Ukrainians and Hungarians, were unable to return home. Many of these were professionals who were able to find employment quite easily, and quite a few settled in Cleveland, Ohio, bringing new life to many of the organizations, especially the Hungarian Scouting movement. Four EU countries granted asylum to more refugees than the UK in 2017, and three did in 2018. Who is a “resettled” refugee? Millions were displaced in Europe during the first two decades of the Cold War. At that time, some 11 million people had survived the Nazi labour and concentration camps and many Poles, Yugoslavs, Latvians, Ukrainians and Hungarians, were unable to return home. after a short-lived uprising against Soviet rule in 1956 (Gardos). Approximately 200,000 fled Hungary as refugees. What helped their quests for resettlement and repatriation was the imagery … Many Americans feared that needy immigrants would take precious jobs or place an added strain on an already burdened economy. ... A joint British and American declaration was planned to accept the offer to release Jews. 1956-1957: The crushing of the Hungarian uprising led to over 200,000 Hungarians fleeing to Austria. Poland, 1956. Bibliography. While many immigrants, legal and undocumented, come from Latin America, U.S. regulations make it difficult for Central and South Americans to qualify as refugees. By November 16, the number of refugees had risen to 36,000 and as of the end of November, it stood at 113,000. American officials praised these refugees as freedom fighters, giving them a heroes' welcome and help settling into new homes. Fighting in Budapest has died down. It was one of the first countries to become a party to the 1951 UN Refugee Convention, and the Danish Refugee Council—a humanitarian group partly funded by … The Uprising was an almost spontaneous revolt by the Hungarian people against the ruling Communist Party of the time and the Soviet policies which were crippling post-war Hungary. The members of the group attended middle school together in Austria. Thousands of refugees begin fleeing across the border to Austria. Of these, about 6,500 will receive Refugee Relief Act visas under the emergency program initiated three weeks ago. Because of alarming events now… So here are some numbers, again: in 1956 we took in some 37,000 Hungarian refugees. The Hungarian refugee crisis of 1956 provided a new challenge for Ireland, an impoverished country whose own people had been leaving by the hundreds of thousands in search of a brighter future overseas. Anti-Soviet Movements in 1956. The Hungarian Refugees Fifty Years On,” Refugees 144, no. 1. The policy of many Latin American countries during the European refugee crisis of the 30’s and 40’s can be a source of encouragement. Immigration records, more popularly known as "ship passenger arrival records," may provide evidence of a person's arrival in the United States, as well as foreign birthplace. America had fought a long, failed war that cost the lives of 58,315 Americans and as many … Even Austria has said it will start accepting refugees, leaving only Hungary and Poland resisting. 4. In response to public pressure, the Canadian government implemented a special program, offering the Hungarian refugees free transport, instead of loans. The 1956 Hungarian revolution sparked another presidential directive—this from Dwight Eisenhower—that allowed some 38,000 refugees into the country. It allowed 209,000 special immigrant visas to be given to Europeans. The American Hungarian Federation is helping to coordinate events across the country and planning a year of events in Washington DC that started in October, 2005!Join Us!Also see our new 1956 Portal - www.hungary1956.com The 1956 Institute, headed by Dr. Janos Reiner, is a great site devoted to exploring the 1956 Hungarian Revolution in English and Hungarian. By the time the borders were sealed, a total of 200,000 had fled (180,000 to Austria and 20,000 … In Octo-ber 1978, overall refugee admissions were running at an annual level of 50,000, soon to rise. In 1956, President Dwight Eisenhower had to convince a wary American public that it was in the national interest to accept Hungarian refugees. Eurostat data shows that in 2017 the UK resettled more refugees (6,210) than any other EU country in 2017. 3 (October 2006): 4 – 24 Google Scholar; Zieck, Marjoleine, “ The 1956 Hungarian Refugee Emergency, an Early and Instructive Case of Resettlement,” Amsterdam Law Forum 5, no. While the large majority of these people were quickly resettled in other Western countries, about 20,000 were granted asylum and stayed in Austria. The majority of those fleeing South Sudan … At the same time, a bad harvest led to unrest. Nixon arriving in Camp Kilmer, surrounded by Hungarian children. A total of 200,000 refugees fled Hungary. With the support of the American Hungarian Federation, more than 35,000 refugees arrived in the United States during 1957. Of the 908 St. Louis passengers who returned to Europe, 254 (nearly 28 percent) are known to have died in the Holocaust. Chicago emerged as a primary destination for Hungarian immigrants at the end of the nineteenth century. A Hungarian refugee reunites with his family in a New Jersey airport in 1957. Many buildings in central Budapest have been damaged or destroyed. 8 Hungarians were provided accommodation in refugee … Most refugees arrive in the EU as asylum seekers, not as people being resettled as part of a scheme. Years ago, the European population was tribal; people lived in or nearby the cities their forebearers came from. Thousands of Hungarians arrived in the early months of 1957 on over 200 chartered flights. While the peoples of the West were supporting the Hungarians fully, their governments were doing very little to help Hungary protect what many thought was the country's newly won independence. The IRC records contain over 3,000 Hungarian case files that offer an exciting and detailed picture of the route, problems and difficulties of the resettlement and social integration of former Hungarian refugees in the US between 1956 and 1965. During the suppression of the uprising that took place in Hungary in October 1956, some 180,000 Hungarians fled to Austria and another 20,000 to Yugoslavia. First Refugees of Hungarian Revolt Arrive: REVOLT REFUGEES Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File); Nov 30, 1956; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Los Angeles Times pg. Camp Kilmer dominates the story of flight from Hungary in 1956-1957 for many Hungarian Americans who experienced the Revolution, and with good reason: roughly four-fifths of them came through the camp, and their subsequent integration into American life was largely successful. Because there was a massive disinformation telling us that refugees would be great for our economy. Hungarian Revolution 1956. Orbán made his name as a young anti-Communist dissident delivering a fiery anti-Russian speech at the 1989 reburial of Imre Nagy, leader of the Hungarian revolt of 1956 … 3 (2006): 4-24; Marjoleine Zieck, "The 1956 Hungarian Refugee Emergency, an Early and Instructive Case of Resettlement," Amsterdam Law Forum 5, no. Back in 1940, Britain was experiencing a huge influx of refugees. Sixty years later, the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 is a brutal chapter in the history of Communism in Eastern Europe. After a Soviet crackdown, ... and what other countries did to welcome Hungarian refugees who fled the Soviet-controlled regime. Stalin's death destabilised the Iron Curtain countries. Countries outside of Europe are also stepping up to handle the current flood of refugees… Some of the Black Refugees sought employment in Halifax after continual crop failures. By Steve Fekete with Lynn Allard July 24, 2019 In the 1950's and 1960's, I lived in Communist Hungary. The Austrian government decided that the soviet invasion exhausts the definition of persecution and granted refugee status to 200,000~ Hungarians. Why Migrants Don’t Want to Stay in Hungary. By 1963, most political prisoners from the 1956 Hungarian revolution had been released. Fleeing torment at the hands of the Nazis in particular, thousands upon thousands flocked to Britain in search of safety. But it is less well known that many fifty-sixers did not share this experience: as many may have returned to Hungary as came … Hungarian Revolution, popular uprising in Hungary in 1956, following a speech by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev in which he attacked the period of Joseph Stalin’s rule. New Zealand reacted rapidly to the Hungarian refugee crisis and offered to accept 1,000 of the 200,000 seeking refuge. Now, Hungary is erecting a fence at the Serbian border to help control the flow of migrants. In 1956, within months of the Hungarian uprising against the Soviet occupation, the Canadian government succumbed to domestic pressure, especially from ethnic and religious groups, and announced that it would accept a large number of Hungarian refugees. The Displaced Persons Act of 1948 and Refugee Relief Act of 1953 allowed for admission of many refugees displaced by the war and unable to come to the United States under regular immigration procedures. In 1939, the quota allowed for 27,370 German citizens to immigrate to the United States. “I support the call from humanitarian and refugee organizations for the United States to accept … The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation expired in 1956. Many of the 1956 refugees feared retaliation by the Soviet authorities and their Hungarian allies for their participation in, or even just sympathy for a revolt against communist rule. The 1953 Refugee Relief Act allowed for the admission of a set number of refugees fleeing communist oppression and was used extensively in the wake of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. A residential home, Agnew House, was set up in 1957 for older refugees, many of whom were Holocaust survivors. Nixon arriving in Camp Kilmer, surrounded by Hungarian children. The country was one of the 37 nations to accept Hungarians for resettlement. The Refugee Crisis in Greece: Lessons for the United States. In the weeks after the second, overwhelming, Soviet military intervention on November 4, 1956, 200,000 Hungarians set out on foot in the harsh winter, avoiding roads and paths, each with a single bundle on their backs, crossing … This was in many ways due to a feeling of guilt. The Displaced Persons Act of 1948 and Refugee Relief Act of 1953 allowed for admission of many refugees displaced by the war and unable to come to the United States under regular immigration procedures. The people of Hungary and the rest of Eastern Europe were ruled over with a rod of iron by Communist Russia and anybody who challenged the rule of Stalin and Russia paid the price. Martin O’Malley wants the U.S. to welcome at least 65,000 Syrian refugees by the end of 2016. The Canadian government streamlined the immigration process for Hungarians and in Canada the government covered the travel costs and supported the Hungarian Revolution refugees during their first year in Canada. 2 (Spring 2013): 45 – 63 Google Scholar. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 4.8 million Syrians fled to Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, and Iraq, and 6.6 million Syrians are internally displaced within Syria. In Poland, a number of political prisoners were set free. Over 17,000 Jews arrived from Europe and Shanghai by 1954. Hungarian Refugees Arriving At Austrian Border. The UK has opted out of this EU policy area. September 5, 2015. Jews constituted about one-tenth of these refugees. Refugees from Syria are currently being denied. BUDAPEST, Hungary — When other countries welcomed refugees with open arms, Hungary decided it was time to eradicate illegal immigration at any cost. 1781: Butler’s Rangers, a military unit loyal to the Crown and based at Fort Niagara, settled some of the first Loyalist refugees from the United States in the Niagara peninsula, along the northern shores of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. That Hungarian effort also showed a sharpening recognition that many refugees have significant education and skills that … As Orban marks a decade in power this month, Hungary is a country much changed from the one he took charge of in 2010. In July 1958, Gallup asked what Americans thought about a suggestion that 65,000 Hungarian refugees be allowed to resettle in the U.S. 7. 1956 Hungarian Uprising. America's immigration laws placed quotas on the number of people allowed to enter the United States from other countries. The U.S. issued these visas between 1953 and 1956. Hungary’s asylum system has already been among the strictest and fastest ones in Europe. Every fall, the U.S. president sets a refugee ceiling – the maximum number of refugees who may enter the country in a fiscal year. White House Statement Concerning the Admission of Additional Hungarian Refugees. Syrian Refugee Denial . The Refugee Relief Act of 1953 authorized nearly 200,000 special non-quota immigrant visas for refugees and escapees from communist countries. This was in many ways due to a feeling of guilt. The rest are mostly from Iraq (136,000) and Afghanistan (126,000). More than 37,500 arrived to … Like 98% of all Americans, that means I come from immigrant stock. By 1961 the Hungary-born community of Victoria peaked at 10,654. The largest wave of refugees in Europe’s post-WWII history were the Hungarians fleeing the country after the crushing of the revolution and freedom fight in 1956. In 1956, as a result of the political uprising and ensuing repression in Hungary, over 180,000 refugees from that country entered Austria. 1956-1957: The crushing of the Hungarian uprising led to over 200,000 Hungarians fleeing to Austria. The governments of Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, and Belgium each agreed to accept some of the passengers as refugees. Sporadic resistance and strikes by workers' councils continued until mid-1957, causing economic disruption. The Congress of Free Hungarian Students in Paris compiled a catalogue of 7,948 registered Hungarian refugee university students who left Hungary in 1956 or 1957. The Hungarian dissident in 1956 who listened to Radio Free Europe’s promise that “America will not fail you”. Hungarian refugee crisis presented Ireland with a new challenge. Many of these migrants made significant contributions to various aspects of Australian life and to their ethnic Hungarian community. The crisis began in October 1956, when a popular resistance movement of Hungarian students and factory workers threw off their Soviet occupiers and briefly established a revolutionary government. Voluntary agencies were called upon for aid, and JDC was charged with the task of helping Jewish emigrants waiting for resettlement in other countries. Nixon Visits Hungarian Refugee Camp. After Soviet troops crushed the Hungarian uprising of 1956, nearly 200,000 Hungarians fled to Austria and Yugoslavia. departure from Hungary. In 1939, the quota allowed for 27,370 German citizens to immigrate to the United States. The mid 1980s saw increases in the number of refugees and humanitarian entrants from Eastern Europe (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania), the Middle East (Lebanon and Iran), Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, East Timor and Latin America (El Salvador and Chile), with continued, though declining, settlement of refugees from Indochina. 1956 Hungarian Uprising. The number of first time asylum applicants in the 28 European Union states decreased by a quarter in the last year, to more than half a million people, out of which 1290 were accepted in Hungary, according to data published by Eurostat last week. (An exception was the exodus from Hungary of some 200,000 refugees after the defeat of the 1956 uprising and a steady trickle of refugees from East to West Germany. 1 Refugee admissions into the U.S. have declined substantially during Donald Trump’s presidency. The total number of South Sudanese refugees has now passed 2 million, it is the largest refugee crisis in Africa, and the third largest in the world, after Syria and Afghanistan.
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