How people living with serious mental illness use smartphones, mobile apps, and social media. In Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 79–88. Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., Shablack, H., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O. 2016). Participation in environmental enhancement and conservation activities for health and well-being in adults: a review of quantitative and qualitative evidence. Keywords: Birnbaum, M. L., Ernala, S. K., Rizvi, A. F., De Choudhury, M., & Kane, J. M. (2017a). Petrosino A, Boruch RF, Soydan H, Duggan L, Sanchez-Meca J. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci. Gleeson, J., Lederman, R., Herrman, H., Koval, P., Eleftheriadis, D., Bendall, S., Cotton, S. M., & Alvarez-Jimenez, M. (2017). 2.4 Mental Health and Wellbeing . Alhajji, M., Bass, S., & Dai, T. (2019). 2015), while 47% of inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia reported using social media, of which 79% reported at least once-a-week usage of social media websites (Miller et al. Epub 2018 May 25. Birnbaum, M. L., Rizvi, A. F., Correll, C. U., Kane, J. M., & Confino, J. 2019). In the sections that follow (see Table 1 for a summary), we consider three potentially unique features of interacting and connecting with others on social media that may offer benefits for individuals living with mental illness. Many of these individuals use social media to share their lived experiences with mental illness, to seek support from others, and to search for information about treatment recommendations, accessing mental health services and coping with symptoms (Bucci et al. PLoS One, 8(8), e69841. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 4(2), 73–85. Gender distribution of social media…, Figure 1. Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). 2019 Oct 10;77:37. doi: 10.1186/s13690-019-0363-z. 2018). Journal of Medical Internet Research, 12(5), e70. A., Mueser, K. T., Scherer, E. A., Viron, M., et al. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how social media use is related to the mental (2019). Digital Health, 2, 2055207616654822. Yet, reported negative effects were an increased exposure to harm, social isolation, depressive symptoms, and bullying (Best et al. This may partly be driven by the detrimental effects of screen time on mental health, including increased severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, which have been well documented (Stiglic and Viner 2019). Being aware of the risks is an essential first step, before then recognizing that use of these popular platforms could contribute to some benefits like finding meaningful interactions with others, engaging with peer support networks, and accessing information and services. Seeing this talk and being at a hackathon got us started. If you spend a lot of time on social media, you are likely to suffer from mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and personality disorders. 2005), such as serious mental disorders (Highton-Williamson et al. 2018), connecting with mental health providers (Birnbaum et al. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 112(6), 474–477. Linkages between depressive symptomatology and internet harassment among young regular Internet users. Vayreda, A., & Antaki, C. (2009). These concerns are contrasted by growing interest in the potential for new technologies including social media to expand the reach of services to underrepresented minority groups (Schueller et al. Among these apps, the development of PRIME (Personalized Real-time Intervention for Motivational Enhancement) has involved working closely with young people with schizophrenia to ensure that the design of the app has the look and feel of mainstream social media platforms, as opposed to existing clinical tools (Schlosser et al. Among survey respondents using between 7 and 11 different social media platforms compared with respondents using only 2 or fewer platforms, there were 3 times greater odds of having high levels of depressive symptoms and a 3.2 times greater odds of having high levels of anxiety symptoms (Primack et al. This moderated online social therapy program is now being evaluated as part of a large randomized controlled trial for maintaining treatment effects from first episode psychosis services (Alvarez-Jimenez et al. Individuals who self-identified as having a schizophrenia spectrum disorder responded to a survey shared through the National Alliance of Mental Illness (NAMI) and reported that visiting social media sites was one of their most common activities when using digital devices, taking up roughly 2 h each day (Gay et al. Online social interactions may not require the use of non-verbal cues, particularly in the initial stages of interaction (Kiesler et al. A., Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Barrett, E. L., Sidani, J. E., Colditz, J. Psychiatric Quarterly, 87(3), 401–415. Psychiatric Quarterly, 89(1), 81–94. A., & Bartels, S. J. 2019; Naslund et al. Lin, L. Y., Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J. 2016b, c). Across the USA and globally, very few people living with mental illness have access to adequate mental health services (Patel et al. Feasibility of behavioral weight loss treatment enhanced with peer support and mobile health technology for individuals with serious mental illness. J Clin Epidemiol. 2017), symptoms of depression and anxiety (Hswen et al. Promising approaches for minimizing these risks include supporting the participation of individuals with expertise in privacy, clinicians, and the target individuals with mental illness throughout the collection of data, development of predictive algorithms, and interpretation of findings (Chancellor et al. Alternatively, many individuals may feel embarrassed or reluctant to talk to their clinicians about using social media to find mental health information out of concerns of being judged or dismissed. Use of mobile technology in a community mental health setting. (2017). 2016). A., Aschbrenner, K. A., & Bartels, S. J. 2017). ... (2014). Creating a digital health smartphone app and digital phenotyping platform for mental health and diverse healthcare needs: an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach. classification of human affective states in social media. B. 2007), while another study of patients with psychosis found that social media use appeared to predict low mood (Berry et al. On the HORYZON: moderated online social therapy for long-term recovery in first episode psychosis. Psychiatric Clinics, 42(3), 513–534. An integrative review on methodological considerations in mental health research - design, sampling, data collection procedure and quality assurance. 2019). Stiglic, N., & Viner, R. M. (2019). Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews. Internet forums: a self-help approach for individuals with schizophrenia? An example of this would be noticing someone posting depressing statuses or pictures and maybe even noticing their vocalizing of suicidal ideations. Social media and its relationship with mood, self-esteem and paranoia in psychosis. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA, Digital Mental Health Research Consultant, Mumbai, India, Division of Digital Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA, You can also search for this author in Social media are responsible for aggravating mental health problems. Brunette, M., Achtyes, E., Pratt, S., Stilwell, K., Opperman, M., Guarino, S., & Kay-Lambkin, F. (2019). This aligns with growing emphasis on the need for greater integration of digital psychiatry, including apps, smartphones, or wearable devices, into patient care and clinical services through institution-wide initiatives and training clinical providers (Hilty et al. Social Media And Mental Health Research Paper, pay for your thesis, literature review on cocoyam flour, critical thinking diagram worksheet 46 1 answer The future of mental health care: peer-to-peer support and social media. 2017; Williams et al. Nature Human Behaviour, 3(2), 173–182. A., Aschbrenner, K. A., McHugo, G. J., Unützer, J., Marsch, L. A., & Bartels, S. J. FOIA The science on the role of social media for engaging persons with mental disorders needs a cautionary note on the effects of social media usage on mental health and wellbeing, particularly in adolescents and young adults. 2017). Social media has become a prominent fixture in the lives of many individuals facing the challenges of mental illness. JBI Libr Syst Rev. Similarly, among individuals with serious mental illness receiving community-based mental health services, a recent study found equivalent rates of social media use as the general population, even exceeding 70% of participants (Naslund et al. With this in mind, it may be ideal to raise awareness about these possible risks so that individuals can implement necessary safeguards, while highlighting that there could also be benefits. Digital News Report. (2019). Torous, J., Chan, S. R., Tan, S. Y.-M., Behrens, J., Mathew, I., Conrad, E. J., et al. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 29(3), 190–195. 2018). This on demand ease of communication may be especially important for facilitating social interaction among individuals with mental disorders experiencing difficulties interacting in face-to-face settings. Our essays writers are so Research Paper On Social Media And Mental Health scholastically differed in numerous ways. Research indicates that those addicted to social media tend to become abnormal tolerant to and are dependent on things that result from using social media. 2009), thus potentially reinforcing the relative advantage, as perceived by users, of using social media over in person conversations. Comparable findings were demonstrated among middle-age and older individuals with mental illness accessing services at peer support agencies, where 72% of respondents reported using social media (Aschbrenner et al. In another study, Chang (2009) delineated various communication patterns in an online psychosis peer-support group (Chang 2009). Overall, our goal was to consider the role of social media as a potentially viable intervention platform for offering support to persons with mental disorders, promoting engagement and retention in care, and enhancing existing mental health services, while balancing the need for safety. Brusilovskiy, E., Townley, G., Snethen, G., & Salzer, M. S. (2016). PRISMA diagram detailing the study…, Figure 2. Not only has social media been proven to cause unhappiness, but it can also lead to the development of mental health issues such as anxiety or depression when used too much or without caution. Social media refers broadly to web and mobile platforms that allow individuals to connect with others within a virtual network (such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, or LinkedIn), where they can share, co-create, or exchange various forms of digital content, including information, messages, photos, or videos (Ahmed et al. The reported risks of social media use were directly related to many aspects of everyday life, including concerns about threats to employment, fear of stigma and being judged, impact on personal relationships, and facing hostility or being hurt (Naslund and Aschbrenner 2019). A., Chandrashekar, P., Siegel, R., Brownstein, J. S., & Hawkins, J. 2017), which is especially crucial when the data relates to a socially stigmatizing health condition such as mental illness (Guntuku et al. Ahmed, Y. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Journal of Adolescent Health, 65(1), 94–100. Naslund, J. A., Meuwly, N., & Davila, J. In the same survey, there did not appear to be any differences between racial or ethnic groups in social media use for seeking mental health information (Rideout and Fox 2018). (2016). Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms: rumination as a mechanism. The impact of online social networking on adolescent psychological well-being (WB): a population-level analysis of Korean school-aged children. Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2018). The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 204(6), 483–486. 2017b), and accessing evidence-based mental health services delivered over social media specifically for coping with mental health symptoms or for promoting overall health and wellbeing (Naslund et al. 2018). Hamm, M. P., Newton, A. S., Chisholm, A., Shulhan, J., Milne, A., Sundar, P., Ennis, H., Scott, S. D., & Hartling, L. (2015). Psychiatric patients' internet use corresponds to the internet use of the general public. Aschbrenner, K. A., Naslund, J. 2016). We have entered into the world of technology where we carry computers … More time spent using social media is also associated with greater symptoms of anxiety (Vannucci et al. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(7), 1691–1696. Research examining the effective uses of social media (SM) in public health and medicine, especially in the form of systematic reviews (SRs), has grown considerably in the past decade. Online social networking in people with psychosis: a systematic review. (2018). Naslund, J.A., Bondre, A., Torous, J. et al. Fifty papers were shortlisted from google scholar databases, and after the application of various inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 papers were chosen and all papers were evaluated for quality. (2017). Many researchers have postulated that worsening mental health attributed to social media use may be because social media replaces face-to-face interactions for young people (Twenge and Campbell 2018) and may contribute to greater loneliness (Bucci et al. Cell phone, computer, email, and social media use. Int J Adolesc Youth. Among individuals receiving publicly funded mental health services who use social media, nearly half (47%) reported using these platforms at least weekly to feel less alone (Brusilovskiy et al. Alvarez-Jimenez, M., Bendall, S., Koval, P., Rice, S., Cagliarini, D., Valentine, L., et al. JMIR Mental Health, 4(2), e26. (2018) found that peer-to-peer support appeared to offer feasible and acceptable ways to augment digital mental health interventions for individuals with psychotic disorders by specifically improving engagement, compliance, and adherence to the interventions and may also improve perceived social support (Biagianti et al. Social media are responsible for aggravating mental health problems. 1984), with interactions being more fluid and within the control of users, thereby overcoming possible social anxieties linked to in-person interaction (Indian and Grieve 2014). There are also several limitations with this commentary that warrant consideration. 2017). Within a learning healthcare environment where research and care are tightly intertwined and feedback between both is rapid, the integration of digital technologies into services may create new opportunities for advancing use of social media for mental health. 2018). Social media use, community participation and psychological well-being among individuals with serious mental illnesses. Fifty papers were shortlisted from google scholar databases, and after the application of various inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 papers were chosen and all papers were evaluated for quality. Recent studies have reported negative effects of social media use on mental health of young people, including social comparison pressure with others and greater feeling of social isolation after being rejected by others on social media (Rideout and Fox 2018). Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32(3), 443–450. John A. Naslund. JMIR Mental Health, 5(4), e11483. This is an important observation because individuals living with serious mental disorders typically have few social contacts in the offline world and also experience high rates of loneliness (Badcock et al. Online supportive interactions: using a network approach to examine communication patterns within a psychosis social support group in Taiwan. 2019). Social media are responsible for aggravating mental health problems. This systematic study summarizes the effects of social network usage on mental health. For youth ages 10 to 17 who reported major depressive symptomatology, there were over 3 times greater odds of facing online harassment in the last year compared with youth who reported mild or no depressive symptoms (Ybarra 2004). This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 2015; Onnela and Rauch 2016). Hswen, Y., Naslund, J. The Lancet, 392(10157), 1553–1598. Gender differences in the associations between age trends of social media interaction and well-being among 10-15 year olds in the UK. 2019). (2015). (2017) found that this served as an important opportunity to seek support and to hear about the experiences of others (Berry et al. We have a huge group of essays writers that have the capacity to undertake any writing project you put to us. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 11(4), 290–295. Williams, M. L., Burnap, P., & Sloan, L. (2017). Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/12244, first published September 19, 2018 . (2018a). Sleep Med Rev. 2014). A., Brownstein, J. S., & Hawkins, J. 2019; Naslund et al. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 12(3), 324–330. One nationally representative survey of US adolescents found that among respondents who reported more time accessing media such as social media platforms or smartphone devices, there were significantly greater depressive symptoms and increased risk of suicide when compared with adolescents who reported spending more time on non-screen activities, such as in-person social interaction or sports and recreation activities (Twenge et al. Digital in 2020. 2015). Like other online communication, the ability to connect with others anonymously may be an important feature of social media, especially for individuals living with highly stigmatizing health conditions (Berger et al. Initial studies exploring use of online self-help forums among individuals with serious mental illnesses have found that individuals with schizophrenia appeared to use these forums for self-disclosure and sharing personal experiences, in addition to providing or requesting information, describing symptoms, or discussing medication (Haker et al. A., Gonsalves, P. P., Gruebner, O., Pendse, S. R., Smith, S. L., Sharma, A., & Raviola, G. (2019). We searched for recent peer reviewed publications in Medline and Google Scholar using the search terms “mental health” or “mental illness” and “social media,” and searched the reference lists of recent reviews and other relevant studies. (2018). The structure of social media influences on mental health needs to be further analyzed through qualitative research and vertical cohort studies. Sociology, 51(6), 1149–1168. In recognizing that many individuals living with mental illness use social media to search for information about their mental health, it is possible that they may also want to ask their clinicians about what they find online to check if the information is reliable and trustworthy. Increases in depressive symptoms, suicide-related outcomes, and suicide rates among US adolescents after 2010 and links to increased new media screen time. Social media use and anxiety in emerging adults. 2016). Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252. 2012), while photos posted to Instagram can yield insights for predicting depression (Reece and Danforth 2017). 2017). Haker, H., Lauber, C., & Rössler, W. (2005). De Choudhury, M., Gamon, M., Counts, S., & Horvitz, E. (2013). Feasibility and acceptability of Facebook for health promotion among people with serious mental illness. Psychological Medicine, 49(9), 1426–1448. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 11(1), 72–76. (2014a). B., & Brownstein, J. S. (2015). Developing health status index using factor analysis. Young adults with mental health conditions and social networking websites: seeking tools to build community. Many studies also indicate that there is a secure connection between the usage of social media and its decreased effect on the mental health of adolescents and youth. Race-related traumatic events online and mental health among adolescents of color. (2019). 2015), though one longitudinal study in Switzerland found that cyberbullying contributed to significantly greater depression over time (Machmutow et al. How patients with schizophrenia use the internet: qualitative study. 2019). 2016). Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: evidence from a population-based study. While the risks and harms of social media are frequently covered in the popular press and mainstream news reports, careful consideration of the research in this area is necessary. 2018b), and suicide (Hswen et al. (2019). We have provided a summary of recent evidence in a rapidly advancing field with the goal of presenting unique ways that social media could offer benefits for individuals with mental illness, while also acknowledging the potentially serious risks and the need for further investigation. Psychiatric Services, 69(4), 377–388. PLoS One, 9(10), e110171. Forecasting the onset and course of mental illness with Twitter data. eCollection 2019. In this commentary, we considered ways in which social media may yield benefits for individuals living with mental illness, while contrasting these with the possible harms. PRISMA diagram detailing the study identification and selection process, National Library of Medicine These studies highlight a clear relationship between social media use and mental health that may not be present in general population studies (Orben and Przybylski 2019) and emphasize the need to explore how social media may contribute to symptom severity and whether protective factors may be identified to mitigate these risks. 2014). Social media use also appears to have a differential impact on mental health and emotional wellbeing between females and males (Booker et al. PubMed  Predicting depression via social media. 2016b). 2010). Happy, nervous or surprised? Psychiatry Research, 226, 136–141. Additionally, we only summarized published studies, and as a result, any reports from the private sector or websites from different organizations using social media or other apps containing social media–like features would have been omitted. 2016). Google Scholar. Psychiatric Services, 70(7), 561–568. 2017 9:83–92. B. 2016; Torous et al. Abdel-Baki, A., Lal, S., Charron, D.-C., Stip, E., & Kara, N. (2017). 2005), while users with bipolar disorder reported using these forums to ask for help from others about their illness (Vayreda and Antaki 2009). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. Passive/apathetic social withdrawal and active social avoidance in schizophrenia: difference in underlying psychological processes. Part of Springer Nature. 2019; Naslund et al. Feinstein, B. Davidson, L., Chinman, M., Sells, D., & Rowe, M. (2006). A cross-sectional pilot study. (2014). Recent studies have shown that individuals with mental disorders are increasingly gaining access to and using mobile devices, such as smartphones (Firth et al. Online social networking and mental health. Accessed 10 Jan 2020. Berger, M., Wagner, T. H., & Baker, L. C. (2005). According to Samantha Rosenthal, she found that there is a connection between social media and anxiety and depression. Hahn 4 social media presence causes an increase in depression, people who are depressed tend to turn to social media as an outlet for their depression. Furthermore, cyberbullying disproportionately impacts females as reflected in a national survey of adolescents in the USA, where females were twice as likely to be victims of cyberbullying compared with males (Alhajji et al. The digital revolution and its impact on mental health care. Chancellor, S., Birnbaum, M. L., Caine, E. D., Silenzio, V. M., & De Choudhury, M. (2019). PubMed  2018a). The terms “mental health” and “wellbeing” are both concepts whose definitions can vary from study to study. One study found that participation in chat rooms may contribute to worsening symptoms in young people with psychotic disorders (Mittal et al. 2015; Naslund et al. Most of the studies that we described were from the USA, as well as from other higher income settings such as Australia or the UK. Sexual orientation disparities in mental health and substance use among Black American young people in the USA: effects of cyber and bias-based victimisation. The app is based on the TED Talk of Mario Sigman about how words on social media can predict the state of your mental health. Potential benefits of incorporating peer-to-peer interactions into digital interventions for psychotic disorders: a systematic review. Schizophrenia Research, 169(1–3), 268–273. Journal of Adolescent Health, 65(3), 371–377. 2014a, b). Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(7), 1504–1517. Psychiatry Research, 257, 479–484. Interplay between social media use, sleep quality, and mental health in youth: A systematic review. Trials, 18(1), 27. Moorhead, S. A., Hazlett, D. E., Harrison, L., Carroll, J. K., Irwin, A., & Hoving, C. (2013). 2017). Bartosik-Purgat M, Filimon N, Kiygi-Calli M. Econ Sociol. Reece, A. G., Reagan, A. J., Lix, K. L., Dodds, P. S., Danforth, C. M., & Langer, E. J. 2015). Badcock, J. C., Shah, S., Mackinnon, A., Stain, H. J., Galletly, C., Jablensky, A., & Morgan, V. A. Woods, H. C., & Scott, H. (2016). Specifically, conversations on Twitter have been analyzed to characterize the onset of depression (De Choudhury et al. A collaborative approach to identifying social media markers of schizophrenia by employing machine learning and clinical appraisals. Instagram photos reveal predictive markers of depression. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(8), 770–777. As we consider future research directions, the near ubiquitous social media use also yields new opportunities to study the onset and manifestation of mental health symptoms and illness severity earlier than traditional clinical assessments. Topic: Social Media effects on Mental Health Length: Minimum of 1000 Words. (2013). Similarly, in a sample of adolescents ages 13–18 recruited from community mental health centers, 98% reported using social media, with YouTube as the most popular platform, followed by Instagram and Snapchat (Aschbrenner et al. Monitoring online discussions about suicide among Twitter users with schizophrenia: exploratory study. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 1–9. Husk K, Lovell R, Cooper C, Stahl-Timmins W, Garside R. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Prowse R, Sherratt F, Abizaid A, Gabrys RL, Hellemans KGC, Patterson ZR, McQuaid RJ. This lifestyle intervention is currently being evaluated in a randomized controlled trial enrolling young adults with serious mental illness from real world community mental health services settings (Aschbrenner et al. 2019). One of the more important pros to social media use is the ability for us to notice signs of other people’s distress and signs of altered mental health (Naruse, 2017). Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: a nationally-representative study among US young adults. Studies have reported that individuals living with a range of mental disorders, including depression, psychotic disorders, or other severe mental illnesses, use social media platforms at comparable rates as the general population, with use ranging from about 70% among middle-age and older individuals to upwards of 97% among younger individuals (Aschbrenner et al. 2001;578:14–34. For example, impaired social functioning is a common deficit in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and social media may facilitate communication and interacting with others for these individuals (Torous and Keshavan 2016). 2019). A., Grinley, T., Bienvenida, J. C. M., Bartels, S. J., & Brunette, M. (2018b). Among digital programs that have incorporated peer-to-peer social networking consistent with popular features on social media platforms, a pilot study of the HORYZONS online psychosocial intervention demonstrated significant reductions in depression among patients with first episode psychosis (Alvarez-Jimenez et al. 2016b). Use of digital mental health for marginalized and underserved populations. (2018b). These findings show that it is critical to monitor the actual content of social media posts, such as determining whether content is hostile or promotes harm to self or others. 2015; Glick et al. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. There are many damaging effects from social media use including addiction, self-esteem, and depression. Fifty papers were shortlisted from google scholar databases, and after the application of various inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 papers were chosen and all papers were evaluated for quality. To date, the emergence of machine learning, a powerful computational method involving statistical and mathematical algorithms (Shatte et al. JMIR Mental Health, 3(2), e15. Social media platforms could also be used to promote engagement and participation in in-person services delivered through community mental health settings. Naslund, J. However, there remains uncertainty regarding the risks and potential harms of social media for mental health (Orben and Przybylski 2019) and how best to weigh these concerns against potential benefits. As awareness of these risks grows, it may be possible that new protections will be put in place by industry or through new policies that will make the social media environment safer. Social media and health care professionals: benefits, risks, and best practices. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 25(2), 113–122. Rates of social media use among psychiatric populations have increased in recent years, as reflected in a study with data from 2017 showing comparable rates of social media use (approximately 70%) among individuals with serious mental illness in treatment as compared with low-income groups from the general population (Brunette et al.
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